One white man in Virginia commented in 1885, “Nobody here objects to sitting in political conventions with Negroes. Some white leaders accepted the outcome of losing the Civil War and the enfranchisement of the Freedpeople. During the 1880s in the South, African Americans continued to vote, serve on juries, be elected to public office, pursue education, and Because more than 80% of the nation’s African Americans lived in former slave states until well into the twentieth century, they had to exercise their new citizenship rights among ex-Confederates and their sons and daughters. In reality, African Americans emerged from Reconstruction in the 1870s with the protection of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments, and took their placesĪs free and increasingly successful citizens in the 1880s. ![]() In this simplified story, the heroes of the Civil Rights Movement arose directly from the ashes of slavery to challenge the South’s long-undisturbed system of racial oppression after World War II. In the ninety-odd years that elapsed between the two events, black Americans rarely appear, save perhaps in the 1920s and 1930s, with a mention of the Great Migration or the cultural history of the Harlem Renaissance. In discussions of Reconstruction and in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s. There are two places where we can count on finding African Americans in U.S.
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